Acehtsunami

Tsunami are waves caused by unexpected movement of the ocean due to earthquakes, mud slide on the sea floor, land slouch into the ocean, large volcanic eruptions or meteorite collision in the ocean.

Earthquakes:

Most tsunami are caused by large earthquakes on the seafloor when piece of rock move past each other all of the sudden, causing the overlying water to move. The resulting waves move away from the basis of the earthquake event.

Landslides:

Underwater landslides or mud slides can cause tsunami as can global land which slumps into the ocean.

Stages of the landslide tsunami:

1. The red portion of material will become the mud slide and travel down the slope.
2. The material slides down the slope, creating a temporary depression behind it that pulls the water down while at the same time pushing the water in front of it up as it moves forward.
3. The water that was pulled down spreads seaward as the landslide moves further away from the volcano, and the water is pushed up above the sea where the mass of the landslide now lies.
4. The tsunami created by the landslide travels outward completely, creating the large tsunami waves that break on the coast.
5. Finally, the tsunami returns and dies into the open ocean.

Volcanic Eruptions:

Less common are tsunami begin by volcanic eruptions. These occur in several ways:
• Destructive crumple of coastal, island and underwater volcanoes which result in massive landslides;
• Pyroclastic flows, which are thick mixtures of hot blocks, pumice, ash and gas, dropping down volcanic slopes into the ocean and pushing water outwards.
• Like that a caldera volcano collapsing after an eruption causing overlying water to drop rapidly.